Fuad I (1868-1936) was the first king of modern Egypt. This forced Ptolemy VI—never popular with the inhabitants of Alexandria after his early failures in Palestine—out of Egypt proper until Rome brought him back to Alexandria and Cleopatra. Became co-regent with his father for a short time, but died at a young age in ca 152 BC. This Roman action began a long association between Rome and the Ptolemies, which had the effect of establishing Rome's right to intercede in Egyptian affairs—a right that was to grow until Egypt became a part of the Roman Empire. Cleopatra II, Ptolemy VI and their brother, Ptolemy VIII, were co-rulers of Egypt from ca 171 BC to 164 BC. Although Cleopatra II died in 116 exhausted by years of trials and tribulations, she had the satisfaction of outliving Ptolemy VIII by a few months. Wife of Ptolemy VI Philometor, Pharaoh of Egypt and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, Pharaoh of Egypt They had at least one son:[1][2]. Rather, he headed for sanctuary on the sacred Aegean island of Samothrace—a destination he never reached, for the fleet of Antiochus captured him anyway. Although he certainly preferred the company of Cleopatra III, Ptolemy VIII nevertheless had a son (Ptolemy Memphites) with Cleopatra II. When that marriage proved to be politically barren, the same daughter was forced to abandon her first husband to marry Demetrius II (145), the son of Demetrius I and thus the enemy of Alexander Balas. For Antiochus, there was influence to be gained through a manipulation of the rivalry engulfing the Ptolemaic house, that is, until more calculating heads held sway in Alexandria. Keep reading for more facts about the famous Egyptian queen. Ptolemy VI was crowned in Memphis and ruled with Cleopatra II. Thereafter, he invaded Egypt to return his recent antagonist, Ptolemy VI, to the throne. She was the last of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Pharaohs set up in Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great.By descent, she and Jesus were Ibna Hashim.After her death, Egypt became the Roman province of Aegyptus. Responding favorably to the request, in 168 the Romans sent an embassy under Gaius Popillius Laenus to demand that the newly returned Antiochus IV leave Egypt for good. Berenice, possibly a daughter. Initially successful, Antiochus left Egypt in 169 with Ptolemy VI reunited with Cleopatra and reinstalled on the throne, and with a strong Seleucid garrison in Pelusium (the fortress that defended Egypt's frontier from Syria). In 164 BC Cleopatra II and her husband were temporarily deposed by their brother Ptolemy VIII, but were restored to power in 163 BC.[3]. Born around 183 bce; died in 116 bce; daughter of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Cleopatra I (c. 210–176 bce); sister of Ptolemy VI Philometor and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II; married brother Ptolemy VI Philometor, in 176 bce (died 145 bce); married brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, in 144 bce; children: (first marriage) Ptolemy Eupator; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Cleopatra III Euergetis; Cleopatra Thea; (second marriage) Ptolemy Memphites. Hoping to improve their standing through a deft manipulation of marriage politics, Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra initially betrothed their daughter Cleopatra Thea to a pretender, Alexander Balas, who had seized the Syrian throne from its king Demetrius I (150). Cleopatra, royal queen of Egypt, reclines across a treasure box laden with elaborate Egyptian imagery including hieroglyphics, an Eye of Horus, an ankh and winged gryphons. Ismail Pasha was…, https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cleopatra-ii-c-183-116-bce. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cleopatra-ii-c-183-116-bce, "Cleopatra II (c. 183–116 BCE) To make the link between the newly married couple and their deceased mother even more patent, both Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI began to be designated as "Philometor," that is, "Mother-loving.". Cleopatra became co-ruler of Egypt at the death of her father in 51 BC. In addition, Cleopatra II clearly was more popular among her subjects than either of her brothers, thus conjuring up images of her mother whose memory was a significant legitimizing factor behind this generation of Ptolemies. Born between 163 and 160 BC. 175 BC. Married to her uncle Ptolemy VIII. Ptolemy VIII is said to have had his son dismembered and his head, hands and feet sent to Cleopatra II in Alexandria as a birthday present. She was the last of the Pharaohs set up in Egypt by Alexander the Great and was a Macedonian Princess by decent. Life at the Ptolemaic court became even more surreal. Cleopatra Selene II Queen of Mauretania Queen of Mauretania was born on 25 DEC -40 in الاسكندرية Egypt, daughter of Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator. Ptolemy Memphites. Biography Queen of Egypt. This information is part of by on Genealogy Online. His death occurred as a result of Egypt's reinvolvement in the affairs of the Seleucid Empire. Ptolemy Eupator, born in 166 BC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt. Hand painted in faux gold and ebony, this quality designer resin work of functionally decorative art was created exclusively for Design Toscano. Sister of Ptolemy VI Philometor, Pharaoh of Egypt and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, Pharaoh of Egypt, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt, Cleopatra II (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα — c. 185–116 BC) was a queen (and briefly sole ruler) of Ptolemaic Egypt, Cleopatra II was the daughter of Ptolemy V and likely Cleopatra I. Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, was one of the most famous women in history.Her full name was Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (69 BC – 12 August 30 BC). In 164 BC Cleopatra II and her husband were temporarily deposed by their brother Ptolemy VIII, but were restored to power in 163 BC. Berenice, a daughter. Realizing that the brothers would never rule in harmony, Rome arranged a division of Ptolemaic possessions, giving Egypt and Cyprus to the older brother and his wife, and Cyrene to the younger. Thereafter, a balance reigned between the interests and factions of Cleopatra II and of Ptolemy VIII-Cleopatra III. Cleopatra II and III Kom Ombo Temple.jpg 1,124 × 1,752; 613 KB. 8"Wx3.5"Dx4.5"H. 2 lbs. The daughter of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Cleopatra I , Cleopatra II had two brothers, Ptolemy VI Philometor and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II. "Cleopatra II (c. 183–116 BCE) Back in Egypt proper, with all opposition to their rule overcome, Cleopatra and Ptolemy VI ruled peacefully and apparently with competence as joint monarchs until Ptolemy VI's death in 145. They had at least four children:[1][2]. ." Cleopatra II was the daughter of Ptolemy V and likely Cleopatra I. She married Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator and Antiochus VII Sidetes. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. William S. Greenwalt , Associate Professor of Classical History, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California. After the capture of Ptolemy VI, Antiochus seems to have had ambitions on the Egyptian throne for himself until he learned of the accession of Ptolemy VIII. Birth of Ptolemaic Pharaoh of Egypt VII - Ptolemy VI... Cleopatra II, Queen of Egypt worked at Egypt, Death of Cleopatra II, Queen of Egypt at Egypt, "The Sister", "Κλεοπάτρα Β' της Αιγύπτου". Knowing that the Romans had already soundly defeated his father, and also knowing that they had recently crushed the Macedonians in Europe under Perseus, Antiochus caved in to the Roman ambassador and left Egypt permanently. The latter took both personal and political affront at the Egyptian change of heart. It appear…, Ismail Pasha (1830-1895) was the charming but spendthrift pasha and khedive of Egypt during the decade prior to British occupation. He finally engineered a successful return in 127, driving her to Syria and the shelter of her son-in-law, King Demetrius II. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Declaring himself and his sister-wife Cleopatra II no longer subject to a regency (although he was still in his mid-teens), Ptolemy VI followed with an attack of his own on Palestine. Cleopatra III, born between 160 and 155 BC. https://www.geni.com/people/Cleopatra-II-Queen-of-Egypt/6000000003645853743 . [1] At this time Ptolemy VIII murdered both his stepson Ptolemy and his own son Ptolemy Memphites. She died about . The military failure, all the more damaging because of Ptolemy VI's "cowardly" flight, led to a revolution in Alexandria where the population briefly replaced Ptolemy VI, both as king and as the husband of Cleopatra II, with their brother Ptolemy VIII. Cleopatra II led a rebellion against Ptolemy VIII in 131 BC, and drove him and Cleopatra III out of Egypt. Cleopatra II, however, managed to abscond with most of the Egyptian treasury. Cleopatra II Queen of Egypt was born circa 185 BC, died circa 116 BC. Loathe to reconcile with Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II was forced to defend Egypt against his efforts to return. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. A public reconciliation of Cleopatra and Ptolemy VIII was declared in 124 BC. [1], In ca 169 BC, Antiochus IV of Syria invaded Egypt. . They had at least one son: Following the death of her mother (176 BC), she was married to her brother Ptolemy VI Philometor in ca 175 BC. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 15. He… She was the sister of Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon. (January 13, 2021). Born between 163 and 160 BC. Knowing that they needed a foreign champion to check Antiochus IV's ambitions in Egypt, Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II sent an embassy to Rome to request protection from Seleucid Syria. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. In ca 169 BC, Antiochus IV of Syria invaded Egypt. This information is part of by on Genealogy Online. Cleopatra II married her other brother, Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II in 145 BC. Death: September -121 (44-53) 101 Bce In Egypt. She would eventually marry both of her brothers. Cleopatra I Syra (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σύρα; c. 204 – 176 BC) was a princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt, and regent of Egypt during the minority of their son, Ptolemy VI, from her husband’s death in 180 BC until her own death in 176 BC. Not the type to miss an opportunity for vengeance, while in exile Ptolemy VIII sent as a birthday gift to Cleopatra II the dismembered body of their son, Ptolemy Memphites. Cleopatra II (c. 183–116 bce) Co-ruler of Egypt (176–130 bce and 118–116 bce) and sole ruler of Upper Egypt (130–118 bce). In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. She was probably the middle of the three siblings. Brother-sister marriages were common in ancient Egypt, and this one was quickly devised because the regents' lowly status and the monarchs' young ages called into jeopardy the stability of the Ptolemaic court and the peace of Egypt. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The known Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.E. 175 BC. He assumed power in 1917 as sultan of Egypt, signifying the legally subordinate…, Ibrahim Pasha (1789-1848) was an outstanding Turkish military and administrative leader in the eastern Mediterranean area of the Ottoman Empire. Name variations: Cleopatra II Philometor or Philomater ("Mother-loving"). Ptolemy Memphites may be identical to Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, but this identification is not universally accepted. The greatest achievement of this period came in the Edict of 118 (collectively ordained by Ptolemy and both Cleopatras), which constituted a serious reform of Egyptian law, which had been long neglected amid the various plots and gambits of the royal house. Perfect gift for the Egyptophile! Geni requires JavaScript! [1][2], Her first marriage was with her brother Ptolemy VI in ca. They had at least four children: Cleopatra II married her brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physcon in ca 145 BC. The first of these predeceased both of his parents. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In 142 BC Ptolemy VIII took Cleopatra's younger daughter, his niece, Cleopatra III, as wife. When Cleopatra died, Egypt became the Roman province of Aegyptus. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In fact, she would never be the sole ruler of Egypt in name, sharing the official title with her brothers and her son. Cleopatra II Queen of Egypt Queen of Egypt was born about -190 in Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Cleopatra I Syra Queen of Egypt Queen of Egypt. Cleopatra VII (Queen) of EGYPT (subject of Shakespeare play) External page: Omitted from Michael Hart's 100 Most Influential List but ranked #29 in Pantheon's list Encyclopedia.com. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. ." Cleopatra II led a rebellion against Ptolemy VIII in 131 BC, and drove him and Cleopatra III out of Egypt. Cleopatra VII Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; 69 – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. Alexandria, Egypt, Born c. 160 - 155 BC. This campaign, led as it was by an inexperienced general, was a disaster. Although this policy seems to have won Egypt over to the regency of the two underage monarchs, the precariousness of the new arrangement encouraged the Seleucid king Antiochus IV (enthroned, 175) to invade Palestine in 171 to recover that region when Egypt was least able to defend it. went badly for Antony, and it started the fall of Egypt and her queen. Defeated by Antiochus IV, Ptolemy VI fled Palestine in such confusion that he did not even trust in his ability to return to Egypt. Cleopatra II.jpg 820 × 2,402; 519 KB. Murdered by her son in ca 120 BC. Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cleopatra-ii-c-183-116-bce. Since the most compelling support of the new regime was its association with the popularity of Cleopatra I, it followed that a union of her daughter to her older son could have the potential to strengthen the dynasty's staying power. Exactly why she became so established is a matter of conjecture, but most likely she had a talent for political affairs and was considered by all concerned as essential to the continued collaboration of Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII. Died young in ca 150 BC. After this she ruled jointly with her brother and daughter until 116 BC when Ptolemy died, leaving the kingdom to Cleopatra III. Cleopatra II ruled Egypt from 130 BC to 127 BC when she was forced to flee to Syria, where she joined her daughter Cleopatra Thea and her son-in-law Demetrius II Nicator. Only six or seven when her mother died in 176 (her father died in 180), Cleopatra II was quickly married to her older brother, who was likely no older than ten at the time. Immediate Family: Daughter of Ptolemy VI Philometor, Pharaoh of Egypt and Cleopatra II, Queen of Egypt. Cleopatra II, Ptolemy VI and their brother, Ptolemy VIII, were co-rulers of Egypt from ca 171 BC to 164 BC. However, the date of retrieval is often important. After this she ruled jointly with her brother and daughter until 116 BC when Ptolemy died, leaving the kingdom to Cleopatra III. After Demetrius' domestic fortunes flagged, Cleopatra II—not one to abandon the prerogatives of a royal life—made her peace with Ptolemy VIII and returned home to her husband and daughter (124). Although Antiochus III had recovered Palestine in war (200), he endowered his daughter Cleopatra I with Palestine when he gave her in marriage to Ptolemy V, and the region reverted back to Ptolemaic control. (In addition, the number of Ptolemy VIII's mistresses were legion, with their offspring granted positions of authority.) © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the second to last Hellenistic state and the age that had lasted since the reign of Alexander(336–323 BC). Name variations: Cleopatra II Philometor or Philomater ("Mother-loving"). When Cleopatra realized her defeat was inevitable, she committed suicide in 30 B.C.E., marking the end of the Ptolemaic rule and the fall of Egypt to Roman control. She was the sister of Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy X, Cleopatra Selene I and Tryphaena.. Cleopatra IV married her brother Ptolemy IX when he was still a … When Antiochus IV decided to exploit the weak reign of his nephew and niece to reclaim Palestine, he was opposed by Ptolemy VI (170). Before his death, Ptolemy VI fathered four children with Cleopatra II: Ptolemy Eupator, Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, Cleopatra III Euergetis, and Cleopatra Thea. HYKSOS , the founders of the Egyptian 15th dynasty; Asiatics who exercised political control over Egypt between approximately 1655 and 1570 b.…, EGYPT , country in N.E. Cleopatra II Queen of Egypt married her brother, Ptolemy VI Philometor circa 173 BC. Daughter of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Pharaoh of Egypt and Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt She was the sister of Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon. Cleopatra II herself died shortly after.[1]. Of the remaining children, Cleopatra III was promised to Ptolemy VIII (154), Cleopatra Thea became enmeshed in Seleucid politics, and Ptolemy Neos Philopator was established as the heir to his parents' joint throne. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Egyptian law forced her to share her new role as pharaoh with Ptolemy XIII, her younger brother. Murdered by his own father in 130 BC. Ptolemy VIII is said to have had his son dismembered and his head, hands and feet sent to Cleopatra II in Alexandria as a birthday present.[4]. 13 Jan. 2021
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